Motorcycle Boy And Rusty James Essays - English-language Films

Motorcycle Boy And Rusty James Rusty James is the leader of a small, dying gang in an industrial town. He lives in the shadow of the memory of his absent, older brother -- The Motorcycle Boy. His mother has left, his father drinks, school has no meaning for him and his relationships are shallow. He is drawn into one more gang fight and the events that follow begin to change his life. Rusty James is an up-and-coming street hoodlum, lamenting the salad days of the gangs when his older brother, The Motorcycle Boy, ran things as President of the Packers. Before disappearing two months earlier, Motorcycle Boy outlawed gang wars, or rumbles, by a treaty. When Rusty James breaks the treaty in a fight with Biff Wilcox, and gets seriously hurt, his brother suddenly appears. Distracted, delusional and enigmatic, his brother seems haunted and disinterested in his past as a neighborhood novelty. Over the next few days, James' dead end life of posturing seems to fall apart; he loses his girlfriend, his friends, his own sense of confidence. The future looms like a dark, unknown wall locking James in. Through Motorcycle Boy's example, he finally learns to break free from others' expectations, and his own inner demons. Rusty James can't live up to his brother's reputation. His brother can't live it down. No leader can survive becoming a legend. Two brothers searching for some kind of salvation, one from the hero status mystically cast upon him, the other from the listless mediocrity of Tulsa, Oklahoma. An assortment of complex and charismatic support characters, who are all strands of silk in a beautiful tapestry. Summary: Basically Rumble Fish is about two brothers struggling to find themselves. One wants to follow his brother, to be the next 'motorcycle boy'. The other seems to be on smoe sort of mission or something. Opinions: I thought it was one of the best films i have ever watched. It was very dream like and stylilised. I loved the character that Mickey Rauwk played, motorcycle boy. he doesn't say much, when he does speak he creates beautiful images. Misc: There aren't enough men in the world who have attitude like rusty james. Opinion by Shane Johnson: Brilliant, brlliant film. It doesn't get much better than this. Coppola has constructed a masterpiece that will never garner the acclaim it deserves, but that in itself lends to its unassuming class. The cinematography is mesmerisingly original, the score by Stewart Copeland so despairingly apt and at other times so dreamily wistful. Dennis Hopper as the drunken father and Tom Waits as the eccentric cafe owner are gems in a film where all of the cast, not least Matt Dillon & Mickey Rourke, have never been better. Eleven out of ten in every respect. A 14 year old boy, Rusty-James meets up with his childhood friend. Together they dicuss and recall their adventures and crazy childhood. Academy award-winning director francis ford coppola's visually stunning adaption of the s . E . Hinton novel . Starring teen heartthrobs matt dillon and mickey rourke as two brothers whose desire to break out of their urban trap eventually leads to the death of one and a new beginning for the other . Photographed in black and white with color sequences, the striking production features a brilliant supporting cast including dennis hopper, and boasts a musical score by stewart copeland, drummer and co-founder of the rock group, the police . Rumblefish dvv movieuniversal English Essays

Amino Acids Characteristics and Structures

Amino Acids Characteristics and Structures Amino acids are a type of organic acid that contains both a carboxyl group (COOH) and an amino group (NH2). The general formula for an amino acid is given below. Although the neutrally-charged structure is commonly written, it is inaccurate because the acidic COOH and basic NH2 groups react with one another to form an internal salt called a zwitterion. The zwitterion has no net charge; there is one negative (COO-) and one positive (NH3) charge. There are 20 amino acids derived from proteins. While there are several methods of categorizing them, one of the most common is to group them according to the nature of their side chains. Nonpolar Side Chains There are eight amino acids with nonpolar side chains. Glycine, alanine, and proline have small, nonpolar side chains and are all weakly hydrophobic. Phenylalanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and methionine have larger side chains and are more strongly hydrophobic. Polar, Uncharged Side Chains There are also eight amino acids with polar, uncharged side chains. Serine and threonine have hydroxyl groups. Asparagine and glutamine have amide groups. Histidine and tryptophan have heterocyclic aromatic amine side chains. Cysteine has a sulfhydryl group. Tyrosine has a phenolic side chain. The sulfhydryl group of cysteine, phenolic hydroxyl group of tyrosine, and imidazole group of histidine all show some degree of pH-dependent ionization. Charged Side Chains There are four amino acids with charged side chains. Aspartic acid and glutamic acid have carboxyl groups on their side chains. Each acid is fully ionized at pH 7.4. Arginine and lysine have side chains with amino groups. Their side chains are fully protonated at pH 7.4.

The Grapes of Wrath Importance of the Title

'The Grapes of Wrath Importance of the Title The Grapes of Wrath, a Pulitzer-prize winning book written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939, tells the story of   the  Joads, a poor family of  tenant farmers driven out of Depression-era Oklahoma also referred to as Oakies by drought and economic factors, who migrate to Californa in search of a better life. Steinbeck had trouble coming up with the title for the novel, a classic in American literature, and his wife actually suggested using the phrase. From Bible to Battle Hymn The title, itself, is a reference to lyrics from The Battle Hymn of the Republic, written in 1861 by  Julia Ward Howe, and first published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1862: Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord:He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored;He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword:His truth is marching on. The words have some important resonance in American culture. For example, Martin Luther King Jr, in his  address  at the conclusion of the Selma-to-Montgomery, Alabama, civil rights march in 1965, quoted these very words  from  the hymn.  The lyrics, in turn, reference a biblical  passage in  Revelations 14:19-20, where the evil inhabitants of Earth perish:    And the angel thrust in his sickle into the earth, and gathered the vine of the earth, and cast it into the great wine press of the wrath of God.  And the winepress was trodden without the city, and blood came out of the wine press, even unto the horse bridles, by the space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs. In the Book The phrase grapes of wrath does not appear almost until the end of the 465-page novel: In the souls of the people, the grapes of wrath are filling and growing heavy, growing heavy for the vintage. According to eNotes; The oppressed such as the Okies are ripening in their understanding of their oppression. The fruit of their anger is ready to be harvested. In other words, you can push the downtrodden so far, but eventually, there will be a  price to pay. In all of these references from the tribulations of  Joads, to the battle hymn, the biblical passage and Kings speech the key point is that in response to any oppression, there will be a reckoning, likely ordained by God, and that rightness and justice will prevail. Study Guide QuotesThe Battle Hymn of the RepublicQuestions for Study DiscussionJohn Steinbeck Biography

Movies and Movements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Movies and Movements - Essay Example Human history is full of moments when collective effort was needed to address public concerns. And the history of films is full of examples when the medium was used to rally collective effort. Such movies never failed to get the attention of people and stir them to action. The ability of movies to influence mass audiences has been made use of for a long time. Since the 30s and the 40s movies were used to glorify western culture, to strengthen religion and faith, to celebrate freedom, to decry communism and collectivism and to extol individual achievement and the American Dream. For many Americans the 1930s was a period of contradiction. What started out as the land of dreams was slowly playing out as a land of nightmares. Democracy, capitalism, individualism and the optimism that was based on them were all proving to be myths. Milk, honey and the good life were all mere dreams; reality was a dire struggle for survival. You simply had to see it to believe that such suffering could have existed in America. (Sutton) In the decades that preceded the 1930s settlers from the North and East flocked to the southern plains lured by the promise of an abundance of fertile soil and a happy life. The first few years looked as if they were on the way to achieving their dream. And then came a period of extended drought, which arguably is the worst drought of America. It was a double whammy of sorts. ... Desperate, many of them had to pack up and leave with their families, in search of work, to provide for their families. "The Dust Bowl was the result of a series of dust storms in the central United States and Canada from 1931 to 1939, caused by decades of inappropriate farming techniques" (Dust Bowl) Although there was both government and private effort to help ease the situation, farming communities were not able to tide things over. "Private charities like the Red Cross also helped, but in general the level of assistance available prior to 1933 was minimal (Gregory 14)". People relocated. Often this relocation was as much a nightmare as their life in the dust bowl. But ultimately true grit and hope in the face of adversity were the qualities helped farmers to weather this period. This is the message that films like "The Grapes of Wrath" carried to the suffering masses. 3 The Grapes of Wrath The film explicitly depicts the socio-economic impact of the Great Depression, and the drought of the 1930s on the thousands of displaced farmers from Oklahoma, Colorado, the Texas Panhandle and Western Kansas farmers in general and one family in particular - the Joads. The opening scene is set in Oklahoma. It shows a figure walking in the distance. The figure is Tom Joad on his way back to his family's sharecropping farm. Tom hitches a ride part of the way and then he encounters Jim Casey on the road sitting under a willow tree. Casey is an ex-preacher and together they head towards Tom's farm. When they reach the decrepit Joad cabin they find nobody there. A few moments later a figure emerges from the shadow. He is Muley Graves one of Tom's neighbors. Muley Graves is an instance of an individual who is so shattered at having lost his land that he is literally

Genetic and Non-genetic diseases of the liver Research Paper - 1

Genetic and Non-genetic diseases of the liver - Research Paper Example It is because of this that approximately 2 million Americans suffer from alcoholic liver disease (Bouneva et al 2003). Alcoholic liver disease is associated with a constellation of three conditions affecting the liver which include steatosis of the liver (which is commonly referred to as fatty liver), alcohol associated hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. Steatosis of the liver is the initial stage which occurs with the formation of droplets of fat in the cells of the liver which leads to enlargement of the liver and gives it a yellow and oily appearance. At this point all the changes of the liver can be reversed and the liver can acquire its normal histological state if the alcohol consumption is stopped. This is followed by the next stage which is the hepatitis of the liver due to alcohol. This is mainly the inflammation of the liver cells. The cells of the liver become swollen followed by the loss of the normal function of the cells. This is accompanied with Mallory bodies as well as the influx of neutrophils in the liver cells and finally it leads to increased fibrosis. The inflammation of the liver can be resolved by stopping the alcohol consumption but it may take an extended period of time. If the disease progresses further it results in the final stage which is known as cirrhosis of the liver which is a condition that cannot be reversed (Walsh et al 1999, Kumar et al 2005, Bouneva et al 2003). There are many risk factors of this pathology which increase the susceptibility of developing this condition. There first risk factor is the amount of alcohol consumed. Increased consumption increases the risk of the disease. The kind of alcohol that a person drinks is also associated with the extent of damage and it is seen that beers are more dangerous for the liver than wine. Malnourished individuals, females, people with deficiency of vitamin E as well as African Americans and Hispanics are at increased risk of developing alcoholic liver

Environmental problems Essay Example for Free

Environmental problems Essay There are numerous environmental problems facing our planet at the moment. Economic globalisation is causing destruction of rainforests in South America while boring a hole through the ozone layer, global warming occurs because of the increased emissions by transport and industries, melting of polar ice-caps is threatening low-lying coastal areas, damage of marine resources through overfishing is taking place, acid rain and pollution of soil and groundwater resources results from using chemicals and artificial fertilisers to boost crop output, incidence of hurricanes and other natural disasters is increasing. There is little consensus within both academic and lay circles as to whether the nature is able to cope with the environmental problems itself. In my opinion, ecosystems have a great potential of restoring the state of natural balance; however, the devastating influence of the humankind has significantly undermined this ability. At the dawn of the 21st century, environmental problems are looming large, and many processes are already irreversible. For instance, species that became extinct due to man’s activity could have been essential elements of certain food chains and habitants. The frequency of large-scale natural calamities, especially in the places that have been for a long time considered relatively safe, is a telling manifestation of the inability of nature to sustain its balanced state. Yet the film argues that today is exactly the day when the humanity can redeem its attitude to nature and prevent a global catastrophe. Therefore, the need for a different approach to the relations between the mankind and environment is necessary. It is imperative to carry on conservation and purification activities coupled with a persistent effort by both businesses and individuals to reduce (and, under the dream scenario, to stop) their environmentally damaging activities. Both individuals and corporations can make a considerable contribution to stopping (or at least slowing down) the degradation of the environment. In fact, many individuals seldom realize how their consumption patters are contributing to the aggravation of the situation. The culture of consumerism that constitutes the underlying philosophy of the West fuels unnecessary overproduction: reconsidering one’s consumption pattern can be the first step on the long way of saving the Earth. As Hertsgaard (2000) argues, the adoption of Western consumerist lifestyle by developing nations poses great dangers and has to be stopped before it firmly catches on. Such an approach implies not only reduction in consumption of non-essential goods and services but also buying from companies that are known to use environmentally-benign technologies in the process of production. The question as to who will suffer first, the Earth or the humans, is incorrect in its essence. Such thinking about the environment is the root cause of the imminent crisis. It is a fatal mistake to think that man is the king of nature. Indeed, our disconnection from the nature resulted in the great degree of alienation and ignorance. While human species is an inherent part of the Earth’s global ecosystems, men prefer to view themselves as ‘outsiders,’ superior to other species. Such approach brought about the overexploitation of the Earth’s resources, considerable environmental damage, and global warming. As Hertsgaard (2000) argues, in many countries, like in Sudan, environmental problems are inherently and explicitly linked to survival through the supply of food and drinking water. In China, pollution at factories equally harms humans and nature. The future of our planet in 50 years is solely dependent on the measures the humankind implements now to prevent the imminent crisis. Hertsgaard (2000) associates hopes with new environmentally friendly industries such as solar power. Given the changing attitudes towards environmental problems, growing awareness, and public policy commitment to betterment of our natural habitat, the outlook for the Earth is not as grim as some doomsayers think.

An Analysis of the Market Structure of the Tourist Parking Lots in Noga

An Analysis of the Market Structure of the Tourist Parking Lots in Nogales, Arizona Introduction This paper focuses on the market for daily parking in a one mile radius of the Nogales, Arizona/Nogales, Mexico border. Traveling to a foreign country often requires numerous preparations, and months of planning; paying and waiting for a passport, booking a hotel, and airfare. Yet for the average United States citizen, the proximity to Mexico provides a convenient and cost-effective opportunity for international travel by car. According to the World Tourism Organization, some 11.7 million tourists traveled by road to visit Mexico in 2004. While this number cannot be attributed to United States citizens in its entirety, approximately 94% of total tourism in Mexico is comprised of United States citizens (World Tourism Organization). Out of this number, approximately 72,139 tourists were considered â€Å"day visitors†. It is this high popularity of traveling to Mexico by car coupled with United States’ policy (to be discussed in detail) that has led to the construction of the border parking lots. Background During the 1970s the Nixon administration began an anti-drug campaign that came to be known as the "war on drug abuse" era. The crackdown of the importation of illegal substances into the United States gave birth to the creation of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The DEA enabled more efficient searches to take place especially along the border of Mexico and the United States. It was during this time that the Canine Enforcement Training Center was established in Washington D.C. (U.S. Customs Today) and the use of the canine came into play as officers came to rely on skilled dogs and their handlers to detect ... ...quirements and Beefed-Up Border.† 1 May 2005. . Keel, Robert. â€Å"Schaffer Library of Drug Policy.† . Mintz, John. â€Å"U.S. Will Tighten Passport Rules.† 6 April 2005 . â€Å"New Passport Initiative Announced To Better Secure America’s Borders.† 5 April 2005. . â€Å"Press Release: Western Hemisphere Initiative Formally Submitted for Public Comment† . â€Å"U.S. Customs Today.† February 2003. . â€Å"World Trade Organization- Mexico Tourism Indicators.† .

Marry sherry

Critical Response In Mary Sherrys essay In Praise of the F Word she describes how she feels that students are being cheated by schools, not learning material and being passed on. She calls the diplomas that some kids get meaningless and also goes as far to say that these graduates are semiliterate. Sherrys solution to the problem as she sees it is to use flunking students as a general policy, or at least threatening to flunk them to motivate them.She feels that the students who make it to educational- repair shops or adult-literacy programs are fortunate. It is here in these educational repair shops hat Sherry states these students discover that they have been cheated by the educational system. I do not think that Sherry is fair in making these statements. She did not present enough evidence to me to get me to buy into her arguments. There are several concerns with this essay that make her views unacceptable. My first problem with this Essay is that Sherry teaches an adult-literacy p rogram.From that viewpoint she does have some firsthand knowledge about the population of people in need of basic grammar and writing skills, but it also makes her bias. She states that Tens of Thousands of eighteen-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. † This statement raises many questions for me and Sherry was not effective in convincing me of her views expressed. I feel like this statement was made to make her point seem more reasonable. I would like to know what percentage overall is that number.I do not feel like she took into consideration that many of these students may have learning and or developmental disabilities. How many of these students needed extra help and the schools in their district lacked the resources to appropriately help them? Were these tens of thousands of students really cheated or did the teachers and schools do the best they could to teach these students with the resources they had. Teachers are already overworked a nd underpaid and now Sherry is basically saying they are cheats.If the students were cheated that is saying that the teachers are cheaters. The definition of cheater is to defraud, swindle, deceive, influence by fraud, to elude and to deprive something expected. This to me is very harsh and shines a bad light on teachers who dedicate their lives to teaching. I found that her one experience with her son who was hreatened by a teacher to be flunked does not prove that flunking is a positive tool. Yes it worked for him, his mother was an English teacher. How many of the other tens of thousands that Sherry speaks of had this same advantage?I do agree with Sherrys viewpoint that teachers have to get students attention in order for them to concentrate. In that one circumstance, with her son, threatening to flunk him worked. In that case I see that her son was cheating himself, not the teacher or the educational system being the cheater. Sherry does admit that this one example, her son, do es not make the case. Once again I am left feeling like there is not enough evidence presented to get me to Jump on the bandwagon and agree that the teachers of these tens of thousands of students are† cheats†.Sherry goes on to speak about passing students who have not mastered work. â€Å"Passing students who nave not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills. We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids can't learn if they come from terrible environments. † So now from Sherrys viewpoint the overworked, underpaid teachers are not only cheating these students, they are cheating mployers that hire them. This is very unreasonable. Sherrys views might be more acceptable to me if she held the student more accountable.A great teacher should not be labeled a â€Å"cheat† because they have limited resources or students with very low academic standards for themselves. Flunking as a regular policy may work in some cases but as a fix all for all students, I disagree. It worked in the case of her son and kudos to them. Many students don't have Published English teachers to help and guide them. Not all students have support of their parents and their opportunity to succeed or fail rests purely on their shoulders.

Purpose of the Education System Essay

The question posed is â€Å"What should the education system be?† This question cannot be answered specifically because the education system means something different to everyone. The education system is, to an extent, what it should be, which is an institution devoted to the development of the intellect. American education should however, be more than rote instruction of mandated materials. Our children should be taught more life skills along with science and math. Children sit in rows, facing straight, not talking. They select and use educational materials in unison, and watch the teacher write on the board. The droning sound of the teacher’s voice attempts to fill their minds with knowledge. It sounds militaristic because it is. Students remember more of what they are taught if the material is presented in a less formal, more enjoyable atmosphere. School administrators and state agencies set forth guidelines from which teachers must not deviate. The problem is, these administrators are removed from the classroom and tend to forget that children have changing needs. Today’s teachers learn more progressive teaching methods such as portfolio assessment vs. testing, and sitting in groups instead of rows. There are few administrators willing to incorporate these changes into their schools. Education management needs to allow teachers the flexibility to teach their students using whatever methods actually work. There is no reason why children should not look forward to school. For the most part, our education system is devoted to teaching students. There is great concern that students should be prepared to move on to higher stages of education. Tests are given periodically to gauge students’ progress. There is much discussion how improving education and better preparing students for the world. Students do learn, and many excel, but school is still viewed as drudgery by most students. If our education system is to prepare children for the world educators need to look more closely at curriculum. Art, philosophy, history, math, English  and science are all important subjects. They teach us about the world around us and how things work. The social setting of the educational facilities also compels students to learn about society and what is acceptable behavior. However, are we properly preparing our students for the world? Are we teaching life skills like personal finance and relationship dynamics? Can we lower the rate of divorce or the number of poverty-stricken retirees by educating students in these areas? Our education system needs to incorporate fundamental life skills into the curriculum. The focus on education should not stop at the goal to create an intelligent adult. The education system must also attempt to create a responsible citizen, an asset to the community. The American education system is not entirely broken. There are many positive things happening. Progressive teaching methods are being employed and the student is being recognized as more of an individual. America cannot stop here. We need to ask ourselves if the moral fabric of our country can be improved through education. The education system plays a larger role in our lives than any other one thing. The system needs to use this influence to improve society as a whole and people as individuals.

State-led terrorism in Kashmir essays

State-led terrorism in Kashmir essays Terrorism can mistakenly be viewed as an isolated activity, funded, facilitated and implemented through a network of minority interests. In fact terrorism is a highly networked and well funded system that in some cases can be supported with the aid of certain states that back their cause. Possibly the largest and most funded organization is Al Qaeda who are funded largely by Saudi Arabia and facilitated by Pakistan. Pakistan is also widely known to have abetted the Taliban cause in Afghanistan and is also the leading actor in a campaign of terrorism across Kashmir. Although several examples could be used, the Kashmir crisis is prime example of state sponsored terrorism and is prevalent today as hostilities continue. To start we will firstly look at terrorism within India and then a brief history into the origins of the terrorist campaign. We will then assess evidence of Pakistans involvement in Kashmir, its implications and then possible solutions to the conflict. SLIDE THREE TERRORISM IN INDIA India is situated in a hot bed of international terrorism. India has a population of one billion people. With such a huge population and varying cultures many terrorist factions have appeared within the country to seek their own agendas in the last fifty years. From the northeast India suffers from insurgencies in Nagaland where terrorists attack government offices and military positions and then seek shelter in bordering Myanmar and Bangladesh. In Punjab, Sikh elements have demanded an independent state called Khalistan, for which a minority has terrorized India for. The extremity of Sikh terrorism can be seen when the Babbar Khalsa, a Sikh terrorist group, blew up Air India's Kanishka aircraft off the Irish coast on June 23, 1985, which killed 200 passengers. In interior states like Tamil Nadu, India has faced frequent terrorist attacks from the Tamil Tigers who also seek independence from central India rul...

Benefits Of Having A Stakeholder In The pany †Free Samples

The report talks about the   stakeholder’s relationship management and its influence on management decision-making . It explains that how stakeholders help an organization to achieve long-term growth and success. The report talks about the importance and function of the stakeholders in the pany. The report presents an example of an Australian pany, Caltex. Through the example of Caltex, the features, responsibilities and the working of the stakeholders are explained in the report. The report explains that how the different types of stakeholders provide support for the betterment of the pany as well as society. It tells that how stakeholders important for the pany success and growth. It shows the relationship between stakeholders and the   management of the pany. The advantages and disadvantages of the relationship management have been explained in the report. The good and bad relationship with the management is also explained. Further, the report describes the multi- advocacy of the relationship management. The report tells about the responsibilities of the stakeholders towards the pany and it also explains the pany attitude towards the stakeholder. The report explains that there should be a good relationship between pany and stakeholders because Stakeholder is responsible for controlling and monitoring the financial activities of the pany. No firm can run the business without a stakeholder. A stakeholder solves the entire problems that are faced by the pany due to the finance. The pany decisions can be affected by the presence of stakeholders. It explains that how stakeholders help and guide to the pany for taking investment decisions. Further, Caltex pany of Australia has been taken as the example in the report. Caltex is a lubricant, fuels and Oil pany. It was founded in 1936 in Australia. The pany has a good reputation in this country. It is expanding its business activities and operations with effective stakeholder’s policies. The st akeholders of the pany are experienced and professionals and well qualified. The growth of the pany mainly depends on the strategies are made by the stakeholders of the firm (Bryson, Patton &Bowman, 2011). The stakeholders are responsible for maintaining and controlling the monetary transactions of the pany. A stakeholder of any pany deals withholding of the shares. They are also responsible for the growth and success of the firm. A stakeholder solves the problem that is faced by the firm due to finance. The stakeholder’s presence can affect the organization and it can also be affected by the pany’s decision (Hà ¶risch, Freeman and Schaltegger, 2014). They invest the money on the behalf of the firm. They serve as a guide to the organization and the market. The pany depends on stakeholders in order to gain long-term growth and success in the business. It is a moral duty of the pany to trust the stakeholder. Further, it is the responsibility of a stakeholder to be loyal, faithful towards the pany. The stakeholders must be aware of the confidentiality of the firm and they should not share the important information of the pany with other persons. A stakeholder is responsible for managing and monitoring the decisions of the pany that is related to the finance (Beringer, Jonas & Kock, 2013). They should take effective decision to gain the petitive advantages in near future. The stakeholder is accountable for forming and taking good and effective decisions of the association. It helps to maintain a positive relationship with the pany. The management should also share every information with its stakeholders. This will make easier for them to take efficient and effective decisions in the firm. A proper relationship among the employees of the organization and stakeholders will lead the pany towards success and growth in the market. It is the responsibility of stakeholders to fulfill the expectations and needs of the pany (Manetti & Toccafondi, 2012). They should analyze the external environment of the market to gain the long-term advantages in the firm. In this way, they can evaluate and analyze the changing market conditions and environment. For example Cal tex pany of Australia maintains the significant relationship with its stakeholders. The pany regularly provides relevant information to its stakeholders. It maintains trust, faith, and loyalty among its stakeholders. This will help to the firm to attain the long-term goals and objectives of the firm. It is the well-known and popular pany in the market (Pondeville, Swaen & De Rongà ©, 2013). The goodwill of the pany is excellent due to effective stakeholders’ policies. The Stakeholders of the pany are aware of the history and the future strategies that were followed and will be followed by the pany. This builds a strong relationship between them. Caltex has good relations with the investors. This allows other pany investors to understand the business, the management and other aspects of the pany. The Caltex maintains a good and effective relationship with their stakeholders. They fulfill entire expectations, needs, and requirements of the stakeholders. In this way, the firm p rovides various benefits to the pany (Ackermann and Eden, 2011). General External Environment factors affect the ability and potential of the business to perform the task outside of the pany. The pany needs to manipulate the external elements to gain the benefits in near future. The general external elements are set to know and analyze the market strategies so that the pany can set its own according to their marketing needs and requirements. The pany makes an effective plan with the help of stakeholders. The firm at every stage is supported by the stakeholders either internally or externally. They allow the pany to meet the requirements of the outside environments. They take care about the outside entities such as customers, clients, market etc (Edelenbos, van Buuren and van Schie, 2011). These stakeholders are responsible for taking a project from different clients and planning strategies to do work effectively and efficiently. They manage and evaluate the projects on behalf of the firm. Their aim is to achieve the goal and objectives that are set by the pany. There could be success and failure in the project. It depends upon the way through which stakeholders’ perform the functions. The stakeholders must have a proper and enough knowledge about the project in order to meet the long-term growth and success of the pany. It is important for the stakeholders to work on the assigned project firmly and professionally (Crilly & Sloan, 2012). The Primary stakeholders are end users of the firm who takes interest only in the success of the business. They only focus on the pany’s growth and success. They only take care about the results and ou e of the firm. They do not show any interest in knowing the functioning of the business. The primary aim of the primary stakeholder is to check the pany’s growth and business activities. Primary stakeholders include project managers, project sponsors, and team members (Beringer, Jonas & Kock, 2013). Secondary Stakeholders are responsible for pleting the project. They are not the end users of the firm. They are responsible for managing the project, searching sponsors for the project and contacting the investors. They also work for the growth and success of the association. They focus on the business activities and operation of the firm. The aim of the secondary stakeholders is same as the primary stakeholders.   Lack of munication and coordination is the major concern between the primary and secondary stakeholders. As a result, it reduces the pany’s reputation and goodwill in the market (Vasi & King, 2012). Internal stakeholders are responsible for developing the project. They function inside the pany’s environment. They have to check and analyze the criteria and strategies which would need to be followed by the pany. They search the project sponsors and investors to invest the money (Turner & Zolin, 2012). They check the performance of the work and make plans and strategies and solving the issues in a team. They have to ensure that project should be efficient and effective. They should the goals and objectives. External Stakeholders such as vendors and salespersons are responsible for making the product to reach the maximum number of people in the market. They are concerned and worried about the societal demands and works to fulfill these demands. They work for the welfare of the firm as well as society. They are responsible for market growth and success by reaching the number of customers. They supply the essential elements of the society and pany. The growth and progress of th e pany are dependent upon the supply of the product in the market. Direct stakeholders check and evaluate the day to day workings of the business. They are responsible for managing the project on a daily basis. They work on every new project on each day. The main objective of the direct stakeholders is to achieve the target that is set by the firm. They directly meet with the pany project criteria. On the other hand, Indirect Stakeholders are not responsible for managing the project. They are not affected by the working, customers or the end users. Results and ou es are a major concern for indirect stakeholders as like the primary stakeholders. They do not indulge in managing the things during the project but they are interested in knowing about the success of the business. They focus on the various kinds of projects. Specific External Environment allows the pany to trade outside. The organization conducts its business outside the firm for a specific purpose. These specific external forces are directly responsible for achieving the desired goal. It is the set only to achieve the specified target and goals. Every organization has a unique target and goals. They work on a single body. The targets of the panies differ according to the changing environmental conditions. The important entities of specific external environment include customers, clients, suppliers, petitors etc. The Customers or clients are those entities of the organization who purchase the products of the pany. They are individuals who use the services offered by the pany, but with the changing trends of the day to day life, the tastes and preferences of the customers are also changing. This will b e the reason of growth and success of the organization. Customers keep on the changing their lifestyle according to the environmental conditions which makes it difficult for the pany to remain stable at one point. They have to think about the various different ideas to bring to the society which will provoke them to keep buying their products. The pany has to meet the changing demands of the firm to maintain its growth and success of the firm (Yang et al, 2011). Suppliers are those entities of the pany who is responsible for maintaining a proper record for the amount of product that has been supplied and the amount of product which has been left in a stock. The more supply of the product will generate the more profit for the firm. The ultimate aim of any organization is to attain profits and revenue of the pany. These suppliers help them in achieving target and goals effectively and efficiently. They should have the power to convince people to buy their products in the market. The Supplier has to be aware of a number of products that have been supplied to the pany as per the demands of the market. The demand of the products increases the suppliers in the market. Thus, they play a vital role in success and growth of the firm (Nguyen & Mutum, 2012). Lenders are the individuals who lend money or fulfill the requirements and expectations of the pany. The lender of any pany is generally fixed by the firm. They help the pany to achieve its target and objectives by providing human resources to them (Lee, Olson and Trimi, 2012). Creditors are the people who take resources in terms of money by the pany. The firm gives them the credit to gain and achieve the name in the market. Debtors are the people who give money to the pany to flourish and expand its business in the society (Bridoux & Stoelhorst, 2014). Employees are the labor of the organization. The mon goal of every employee is to achieve the target set by the pany. Employees should be aware of the work being done in the pany and the strategy being followed by other members of the organization in order to meet the goals and objectives of the firm. A pany cannot run the business without efficient and effective employees (Hollensen, 2015). Shareholders are those individuals of the business who purchase and sell shares on the behalf of the pany (Mason and Simmons, 2014). A stakeholder is a group which shows interest in the working of the organization. They have direct and indirect interest in the business. The group may include the government, society, individual or any other pany and media. The influence of such entities in the business allows the stakeholders to operate the business effectively and efficiently. Relationship management makes plans and strategies to attract the more customers in the market. In this way, they help to increase the sale of the pany (Kumar & Reinartz, 2012). They check for the profitability and the performance of the pany as well as employees. The interaction with such stakeholders is important for the firm. They easily solve the related issues that are responsible for the success and growth of the business. The aim of stakeholder relationship management is to check the attitude, decisions, functions, and actions of the stakeholders for the benefit of themselves as well as the pany. This relationship management allows th e stakeholders to gain the benefits from the business. This helps to build and develop the trust among the firm and the stakeholders who put efforts to make the position of the pany on the top level. The relationship should be a strong and trustworthy (Lidskog, Sundqvist, Kall, Sandin & Larsson, 2013). The management should also share all the information with its stakeholders. This will b e easier for them to make efficient decisions. A proper relationship among the employees of the organization and stakeholders will lead the pany towards success and growth in the market. It is the responsibility of stakeholders to stand on the expectations and needs of the pany. They check and analyze the market conditions and environment (Bourne, 2016). It is very important to have an effective relationship with the stakeholders. It helps to resolve the difficult matters that are faced by the organization. Through the influence of stakeholders, the organization has a relief about the working on the financial matters. The performance of the organization is checked by the relationship management in order gain the progress and growth in the market (Rozanski and Woods, 2011). This results in good relations with the stakeholders as their main aim of a plishment is done by the stakeholders. They gain the attention and support of the business. They generally focus on the attitude or behavior of the stakeholders towards the pany, thus various important decisions are taken by the stakeholders. The stakeholders must inculcate the knowledge about the business or it will result in bad results. The pany can use the opinion of the stakeholders to work on the project (Mellahi, Frynas, Sun and Siegel, 2016). This is done to achieve the target and g oals as soon as possible. This will improve the quality of the project and the pany will also e to know about the stakeholders towards the business. It is important to take support from the powerful stakeholders. This will help the firm to gain more resources in the market. This will make the strong and effective relationship between the two entities; this will make the project more qualitative. municating with stakeholders time to time will ensure them about the project that pany is working on these projects properly or not.   They will suggest more good criteria for doing the project. This will also ensure the motivation of stakeholders towards the firm. The pany can know about the reaction of public towards the project. This will allow them to make effective strategies and plans for the success of the firm (Alt, Dà ­ez-de-Castro & Llorà ©ns-Montes, 2015). In a pany, a stakeholder is usually an investor. The actions of the stakeholders towards the pany depend upon the type of decisions are made by them. It is not necessary for them to hold equity shares in the business. They can also behave like the other employees working for the firm. They only focus on the success and growth of the pany. They can work for the overall firm. Their interference in every management is accepted as it is beneficial. They can run the pany as partners also. A stakeholder plays different roles in the firm. The role of stakeholder is very crucial as her decisions are effective and transform the growth of the pany (Eden & Ackermann, 2013). The importance of stakeholder relationship in an organization results in good ou es and results. This develops an interest in stakeholders to work for the firm to achieve the target. The relationship management of stakeholders also helps in making managerial decisions and a strong relationship with the managers also. It give s the managers a chance to show their ability to work and handling the responsibility of the firm. This improves the relationship of the managers towards the stakeholders and maintains the relationship for a long term. The Stakeholder relationship plays a vital role in every pany. Relationship management of a stakeholder has various significance (Smith, 2013). It is important for making decisions, it works as a managing director, it serves as an investor which is very important for the firm (Beringer, Jonas & Kock, 2013). The most important task for the stakeholders is making decisions that should be in favor of the pany. The stakeholders have the power to make or implement new ideas while working on any project. But it is also important to listen to the opinion of other members of the firm and then to make decisions keeping in mind all the suggestions. The decision made by the stakeholders should be efficient as the future of the pany. They strategies planned by them results in good ou es (Gonzà ¡lez-Benito, Lannelongue & Queiruga, 2011). Direct stakeholders have to check the day to day workings of the business. They are responsible for managing the project on a daily basis. They work on every new project each day. Their target for doing the amount of work is set which they have to achieve. They directly meet with the pany project criteria. The approach used by the board of directors and stakeholders differ in many cases. The Stakeholders can work for the human resource department to gain the long-term goals and objectives. They can directly participate in any project and can share their opinion and ideas (Fernandez-Feijoo, Romero & Ruiz, 2014). The Stakeholders are described as the inventors of the pany. They maximize or minimize the stakes in the pany according to the finance needed. They act as a supreme power for the organization. They observe the financial report to check the progress of the firm. Since they are responsible for the growth of the pany, it is their duty to invest in the business to fulfill the demands of the customers (Murillo-Luna, Garcà ©s-Ayerbe & Rivera-Torres, 2011). The stakeholders of large panies are highly respected. They have the power to shut down panies who do work according to the societal needs and also who violets the law. They check the overall functioning of the pany and take effective actions for wrong decision-making activities. They are concerned about the pany’s long-term goals. The corporate and municate with the pany and implement laws required for running the business effectively and efficiently (Lovejoy, Waters & Saxton, 2012). The Stakeholders are professionals who can easily identify the risks that prevail in the society. They are ware about the opportunities that pany can get in the near future. They research about the opportunity before taking it. They have a proper planning for every project. It helps to reduce the risk and threats of the firm. Before getting into any opportunity stakeholders first identify and analyze it thoroughly and then allow the pany to operate on the opportunity (Boxall & Purcell, 2011). Stakeholders’ duty is to give the effective suggestions on the project. They find solutions for organizations priorities and activities. The inputs given by the stakeholders increase the performance of the business. They give a relevant solution which is also accepted by the pany. They give importance to the business work because their main aim is to take long-term benefits and to meet the goals and objectives (Innes & Booher, 2012). Stakeholders serve as a guide to the pany. Due to their effective decision-making power, they are able to flourish and expand in the market. They are able to make good relationship with customers which results in positive feedbacks. The feedback of the customers motivates the pany for achieving sustainable future. For example, Caltex pany of Australia has trusted stakeholders. They are professionals who identify the risks and gives solutions to avoid those risks. The pany has employees who bring the feedback of the customers to make development in future (Neubaum, Dibrell & Craig, 2012). For example: In a pany like Caltex, it is important to collaborate with other panies for expansion. This is the difficult task. They have to search about the profits earned by each pany but it is a very difficult task (Vargo, 2011). There has been a fast evolution in the stakeholder relationship through the multi-advocacy. However, the development of multi-stakeholder advocacy is still at a lower level including the investors and the analyst who is responsible for functioning the business. The advocacy states that various organizations tie up, make effective decisions, change policy and work towards achieving the goal and objectives together. The multi advocacy of stakeholder survey and take interviews of the selected organizations before ing together. The goal of the multi advocacy stakeholders is to work jointly with all the other panies effectively (Ellis & Sheridan, 2014). There are unique methods of developing the relationship between the stakeholders and the panies are such as: Assessing Mature and Emergent Advocacy Fields, Machine Learning, and Dashboard Tracking. The advocacies between the different panies have resulted in the strategic decision-making, priding meaningful information and have generated e vidence towards the loyalty of these multi-stakeholders’ relationships towards the business. The Multi-stakeholder advocacy is aimed at sharing the goals with the well-coordinated team. The advocacy efforts of the stakeholders of different panies are focused on a particular goal and objective. They have the same target. The decisions made to achieve the goals show the thinking of the stakeholders. Stakeholders show interest in achieving the mon organizational goals. They facilitate the policy framework of the firm. Their decisions are important for the firm which results in changes in the environment. Stakeholders manage these changes for sustainable development in future. The aim of stakeholder relationship management is to check the attitude, decisions, and actions of the stakeholders for the benefit of themselves as well as the pany. The advocacies of stakeholder relationship management have proven the growth for the pany in the ing future. These advocacies have resulted i n the development of the economy. The stakeholders’ decisions have the power to change pany’s environment (Gosselin et al, 2014). The report the stakeholder’s relationship management and its influence on management decision-making. It describes the functions, roles, and significance of stakeholders in order to meet the goals and objectives. It also describes relationship management, its importance, its advantages, and disadvantages. It explains that the stakeholder is the one very important entity of the business. They are interested in serving the pany its required resources. A stakeholder solves the problem that pany faces due to financing. His presence can affect the pany and also can be affected by the pany’s decision. He tells the pany where to invest. He serves as a guide to the organization and the market. The pany depends on stakeholders for the growth of the business (Bingham, Dyer, Smith and Adams, 2011). It is a moral duty of the pany to trust the stakeholder and responsibility of a stakeholder to be loyal towards the pany. The report suggests the relationship with various other entitie s that stakeholder holds. The influence of such entities in the business allows the stakeholders to operate into business. Relationship management is something which plans strategies in a way that it binds the customer to keep buying the product. They check for the profitability and the performance of a long time. The interaction with such stakeholders is important. They easily solve the related issues that are responsible for affecting the growth of business (Keller and Price, 2011). The aim of stakeholder relationship management is to check the attitude, decisions, and actions of the stakeholders for the benefit of themselves as well as the pany. 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The value of the UK pound is currently determined on a floating Essay

The value of the UK pound is currently determined on a floating exchange rate system, but in the past has been determined on a f - Essay Example In this essay, the fixed exchange rate system and the role of UK in maintaining the pound under the fixed exchange rate system has been discussed. Moreover, to analyse the current exchange rate system adopted by UK, floating exchange rate system has been discussed. Finally, the impact of depreciation of British Pound on the UK economy has been analysed by using relevant data, graphs and tables. Fixed Exchange Rate System In the fixed exchange rate system, the rates fluctuate within narrow boundaries and if the exchange rate starts to move higher, the government maintains the rate within the boundaries (Madura, 2008). In 1944, Bretton Wood Accord introduced the fixed exchange rate system and until 1970s, most of the major world economies were participating in the fixed exchange rate system (Burton & Brown 2009). Burton & Brown (2009) explains that after the introduction of the system, the major industrialised countries met to develop a new international financial system. Under the fix ed exchange rate system, economies agreed that if the trade deficit of an economy increased then they would be able to manage supply of currency in international markets. In the fixed exchange rate system, the government increases the supply of currency when the trade deficit of the country increases. The increased supply of the currency inserts the downward pressure on the exchange rate however, to maintain the pre-decided exchange rate, the central bank of the country purchase the excess supply of its currency. For example, if Britain economy faces trade deficit, the increase in the supply of pounds relative to dollar inserts downward pressure on pound value whereas, decrease in supply of pounds relative to dollar inserts upward pressure on value of pound. The government has the power to intervene in the fixed exchange rate system. Under a fixed exchange rate system, the government is able to manipulate the market value of the other currency in terms of its domestic currency. Howe ver, manipulations can be only done to an agreed-exchange rate. UK government has been playing a significant role in maintaining pound under a fixed exchange rate system. The UK government has always been intervening to keep the agreed-exchange rate within certain boundaries. For example, when the agreed-exchange rate of pound and dollar fluctuated then to keep the rate fixed, the UK government bought or sold pounds with dollars until the market value of the two currencies converged to an agreed level. Floating Exchange Rate System Floating exchange rate system is the system when there is no flexibility in the exchange rate system and the values of exchange rate system are determined by the market forces and they are independent of the government intervention (Madura, 2008). British government adopted the floating exchange rate system in 1992 and after adopting the floating exchange rate system, the Bank of England was no longer able to influence the currency markets. In other words , after adopting the floating exchange rate system, the influence of the government in controlling the exchange rate system finishes. In this exchange rate system, the value of the currency is only determined by the demand and supply of the currency in the foreign exchange market, therefore, market forces play role to influence the